How to dispose of batteries?

More than 200 years ago, Alessandro Volta invented the first battery in the form of the Voltaic column named after him. Today, energy storage devices with ever higher performance can be found in almost all areas of life. At the end of their life, valuable raw materials are recovered using modern recycling processes. 

From disposal to recycling

Batteries and accumulators contain valuable raw materials, but sometimes also dangerous substances that can harm the environment. To prevent this and to be able to recover secondary raw materials, old and defective batteries must be disposed of separately. The batteries are first sorted and then recycled from the collection points provided for this purpose in trade, municipalities and businesses. 


Also read the article how to sharpen scissors

Collect and dispose of

Old and defective batteries and accumulators can be found wherever batteries are sold, e.g. B. in the supermarket, drugstore, electronics or hardware store, can be returned free of charge. So-called industrial batteries, such as those used in e-bikes, e-scooters or photovoltaic systems, can be returned to the respective dealers free of charge. The municipal recycling centers also take back old batteries and accumulators. Other collection points can be found at commercial end users.

 

Caution!

For safety reasons, lithium batteries must be secured before disposal, e.g. B. by masking the poles. Batteries contained in electronic devices must be disposed of separately from them. 


Sort by system

The collected batteries are separated according to their electrochemical systems in sorting systems. This is necessary because - depending on the battery system and the contents of the battery - different recycling processes are used. Several process steps are used for professional sorting: as a rule, manual pre-sorting takes place first and then automatic separation according to size and electro-chemical system. One of the sorting methods used for this is z. B. the X-ray method.  

Recycle and reuse

In modern recycling plants, old batteries are efficiently recycled and their components returned to the production cycle. Different methods are also used here. In electric steel furnaces, zinc and steel are recovered from alkaline manganese and zinc-carbon batteries. Alkali-manganese and zinc-carbon batteries are melted down in electric arc furnaces. In addition to zinc, glass-like slag and iron-manganese (or ferromanganese), which is mainly used for the production of iron alloys, are produced. The secondary raw materials are z. B. for the construction of cars (steel), roads (slag), wheelbarrows (zinc), brake discs (iron-manganese or ferromanganese) or cell phones (cobalt, nickel) used. The recovery of lithium has only recently become possible and is not yet very widespread, but it is becoming increasingly important. 

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